Lake Dem is in the sub-Sahelian sector of the Sahelian phytogeographical domain, and shrub savannah dominates. The Site is made up of permanent freshwater lakes and seasonal rivers, which serve as a refuge for numerous species during periods of drought, and especially for migratory birds on the lake’s shores. The Site is important for stabilization of the microclimate, groundwater replenishment, flood control, river bank stabilization, sediment and nutrient retention, and storm protection. It provides other major ecosystem services which support the livelihoods of local communities. The Site hosts threatened species such as the vulnerable African mahogany Khaya senegalensis and the shea butter tree Vitellaria paradoxa, and thousands of migratory birds (including Anas querquedula, Anas acuta and Anas clypeata), waders (Actophilornis africana, Ciconia nigra and Ardea goliath), savannah birds (Ptilopachus petrosus and Numida meleagris) and reptiles (Crocodylus niloticus and Varanus niloticus). Wind and water erosion, extreme temperatures, and unsustainable water demand all constitute significant threats. The presence of the gazetted forest and protection mechanism established around the Site support its conservation. A management plan was drafted in 2014 and is being implemented.