The Site is the largest wetland in Latvia, featuring a shallow freshwater lake, seven raised and transitional bogs and fens, alluvial grasslands, fishponds and wet forests. In total, 22 protected habitats of European importance are represented. The Site is important for maintaining characteristic wetland plant species and communities and rare bird species including the short-eared owl (Asio flammeus) and marsh sandpiper (Tringa stagnatilis). Additionally, it regularly supports around 26,000 waterfowl. The wetland provides important services, such as food, flood control, recreation and scientific research. Lubana wetland complex is also highly important for carbon storage and sequestration. Canalization and river regulation pose a significant threat.