Viruá National Park is in the megadiverse “Campinaranas”ecological region, on the lower Rio Branco (“White River”) within the Rio Negro basin. It covers a mosaic of forested and non-forested humid ecosystems, which are representative of a unique geo-ecological system in the Amazon, and play important roles in flood control, sediment deposition and other natural cycles. The Site presents exceptional levels of biodiversity, especially of fish with 500 species recorded, and birds with over 530 species recorded of which 28 are endemic. It provides important fishing resources. The Site hosts populations of species such as the endangered giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) and the near-threatened jaguar (Panthera onca).