The Site is one of the largest creeks of Asia and hosts many birds migrating on the Central Asian Flyway. As a sanctuary for flamingos and other important bird species, it is in the list of Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs). Thane Creek falls under the Marine Ecoregions of the World (MEOW) but is fed by numerous freshwater sources, making the water brackish. Its mangrove forests provide nurseries for several fish species, sustaining the local fisheries, and also act as a natural buffer against floods, cyclones and seawater intrusions, enhancing the resilience of surrounding areas to such climate-related hazards. The Creek features a rich biodiversity of birds, fish, crustaceans, molluscs, butterflies, and floral species, some of which are threatened, such as the vulnerable Sulawesi fruit bat (Acerodon celebensis), Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and river tern (Sterna aurantia), and the endangered great knot (Calidris tenuirostris).