Osun Oshogbo, a grove considered sacred on the banks of the Osun River just outside the city of Osogbo, is one of the most important biodiversity hotspots in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite its high diversity of plants and animals it has faced considerable human disturbance in recent times. It is one of the few remaining natural tropical dry forests in West Africa and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005 due to its near-pristine environment and cultural value. The Osun River plays a crucial role in regulating water flow and controlling flooding during periods of heavy rainfall, ensuring a steady flow of water during the dry season, and supporting the survival of aquatic and terrestrial species. The Site provides habitat for endangered species such as the collared mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus) and red-bellied guenon (Cercopithecus erythrogaster). The Osun River supports a variety of fish and is an important spawning and nursery ground for various species such as the African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus), the electric catfish (Malapterurus electricus) and the vundu (Heterobranchus longifilis). The grove provides a sanctuary for various spiritual purposes, and its plant diversity plays a role in providing medicinal uses. The Site has a management plan.